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The Sperry–Piltz Ice Accumulation Index, or SPIA Index, is a scale for rating ice storm intensity, based on the expected footprint of an ice storm, the expected ice accumulation as a result of a storm, and the expected damage a storm inflicts on human-built structures, especially exposed overhead utility systems such as power lines. == Background == The index was introduced in 2007 by Sidney Sperry of the Oklahoma Association of Electric Cooperatives, who developed the index together with Steven Piltz, Meteorologist-In-Charge at the National Weather Service office in Tulsa, Oklahoma.〔Associated Press, ''USA Today'', 8 December 2008, "(Study designed to measure ice storm severity )", 5 March 2011〕 Sperry approached Piltz about collaborating on the development of an ice accumulation algorithm to predict days in advance the damage potential of approaching ice storms. He advocated three key parameters for the development of the algorithm: * Storm total rainfall and subsequent total ice accumulation if temperatures for the duration of the event remain below freezing. * Wind speeds and directions. * * Damage grows incrementally with increasing winds, and power line damage is worst along east-west electric lines, meaning northerly and southerly winds are most damaging during an event. * Temperatures for the duration of the event. Piltz and his team of meteorologists developed Sperry's "ice accumulation algorithm" that incorporates various radial ice accumulation measurements, wind speed and direction data and temperature forecasts for a storm event period, and assimilated that data into a "Potential Utility Damage Scale," much like the enhanced Fujita scale or the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. The factors were combined with the National Weather Service's "Extended Forecast Models" (EFMs), National Digital Forecasting Database (NDFD), and related forecasting software, revising and updating the models every hour. Using this method, officials at the Tulsa office of the National Weather Service were able to predict the intensity and duration of an ice storm 72 to 96 hours, or three to four days, in advance.〔Board of Directors of the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners, "Committee on Critical Infrastructure", 22 July 2009, "(Resolution Supporting the Sperry–Piltz Ice Accumulation Index (SPIA Index) )", 5 March 2011〕 The EFMs and NDFD are continually updated so the degree of forecasting accuracy improves as more data is gathered about the approaching storm system. Research and testing of the index was aided by officials at the Oklahoma Climatological Survey in Norman, Oklahoma.〔Cowling, Randy, ''Claremore Daily Progress'', 16 December 2008, "(Index developed to help predict ice damage )", 5 March 2011〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sperry–Piltz Ice Accumulation Index」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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